@Caiseal Beardow
Raspberry Pi can be thought of as a kind of mini computer, to which many PC-prototyping principles apply. It can be connected to peripherals (screens, keyboards, etc.) in the same way that any PC can. However, as it runs on its own OS (Raspbian), some software (e.g. MAX/MSP) is not available. Compared to an Arduino, the Raspberry Pi is much more powerful, but has some drawbacks, such as programming requirements and startup time. Use a Pi if you need processing power and don't require OSX/Windows specific software, but use an Arduino if you're working with sensors and actuators.
There are also possibilities for running an Arduino and Raspberry Pi in tandem, sending messages between the two. You'll need to use either an Arduino Nano IoT or a Bluetooth-enabled shield for this.
Raspberry Pi is great for expanding an existing prototype - hosting a web server, processing data, or running extra scripts. You can use terminal commands to quickly execute scripts, or even set them up to run automatically upon startup.
//things to include